Ever wondered where the ancient Athenians actually hung out? While everyone makes a beeline for the Parthenon, the South Slope of the Acropolis was where the real action happened. This is where you'll find yourself walking in the footsteps of ancient performers, philosophers, and everyday citizens. Think of it as ancient Athens' entertainment district, complete with one of the world's first theaters, covered walkways, and even a healing sanctuary!
Great minds like Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes debuted their plays here, shaping the foundation of Western theater. When you visit the Acropolis of Athens, don't make the rookie mistake of rushing past this incredible area. Trust us—this is where you'll really feel connected to the ancient world.
A brief history of the South Slope of the Acropolis
Origins: From sacred ground to cultural center
The South Slope became central to Athenian religious, artistic, and intellectual life as early as the 6th century BCE. The cult of Dionysus Eleuthereus, the god of wine and theater, was formally established here in the 6th century BCE, leading to the creation of the Theater of Dionysus, one of the first permanent stone theaters in the world. Over time, the area expanded with stoas, temples, and sanctuaries, serving both civic and spiritual functions.
Historical significance: Athenian golden age & beyond
- 5th Century BCE: The South Slope thrived during Athens’ Golden Age under Pericles, witnessing the rise of classical theater. This was when Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides wrote and staged their legendary tragedies.
- Hellenistic and Roman periods: The area got even better when King Eumenes II added a gorgeous covered walkway (the Stoa of Eumenes), and in the 2nd century AD, a wealthy Roman named Herodes Atticus built a stunning theater that's still used for performances today!
- Destruction and restoration: The South Slope suffered damage over centuries, especially after the Herulian invasion (267 AD). However, major restorations in the 1950s helped preserve its historic monuments.
Why visit the South Slope of the Acropolis?
- Less crowded entrance: The Dionysus Theater entrance on the South Slope is far quieter than the main Acropolis gate, making for a more relaxed visit.
- Birthplace of theater: This is where Western drama was born, with plays by Aristophanes, Sophocles, and Euripides performed in front of thousands.
- Philosophical connections: Philosophers like Socrates and Plato may have walked these grounds, debating ideas that still influence the world today.
- Ancient healing sanctuary: The Asklepieion, dedicated to Asklepios (the god of healing), was an ancient medical center believed to have curative properties.
- Stunning architecture: The Stoa of Eumenes and Theater of Herodes Atticus showcase the grandeur of Greek and Roman engineering.
Recommended tickets to the Acropolis
Highlights of the South Slope of the Acropolis
1Theater of Dionysus 🎭
- The world’s first theater permanent stone, dating back to the 6th century BCE.
- Hosted the Dionysia Festival, where playwrights competed with their best tragedies and comedies.
- Could hold up to 17,000 spectators—a testament to Athens’ love for the arts.
- Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides premiered their famous works here.
2The Stoa of Eumenes 🏛
- A covered walkway built by King Eumenes II of Pergamon (2nd century BCE).
- Provided shade for theatergoers and doubled as a meeting place.
- Architecturally similar to the Stoa of Attalos in the Ancient Agora.
3The Asklepieion 🏥
- Ancient healing center dedicated to Asklepios, the god of medicine.
- Pilgrims came here seeking cures, following rituals that involved bathing, prayers, and dream therapy.
- Located near a sacred spring, believed to have healing properties.
4The Temple of Thrasyllos ⛪
- Once stood above the Theater of Dionysus, with only two Ionic columns remaining today.
- Overlooks the tiny chapel of Panagia Chrysospiliotissa (Our Lady of the Cavern).
5The Theater of Herodes Atticus 🎶
- Built by Herodes Atticus in 161 AD in memory of his wife, Regilla.
- Hosted musical performances and poetry readings.
- Still in use today—if you're lucky, you can catch a summer performance here!
6The Caves and Rituals of the South Slope 🏔️
- The natural caves along the South Slope were once sacred sites used for religious rituals and offerings.
- Some caves were dedicated to Apollo and Pan, where mystical rites and oracle-like ceremonies were performed.
- The most famous is the Cave of Aglauros, linked to Athens' mythological past—where Athenian maidens, known as Arrephoroi, participated in secret rites as part of their service to Athena.
- These caves hint at a deep spiritual connection between the Acropolis and the underworld, reinforcing the Athenians' belief in divine intervention in daily life.
How to visit the South Slope of the Acropolis
Location & entrance
- The South Slope entrance (Dionysus Theater Entrance) is less crowded than the main Acropolis gate.
- Located near the Acropolis Museum, it provides direct access to the South Slope ruins.
Best time to visit
- Entry is included in the Acropolis of Athens ticket.
- Skip-the-line and guided tours often start from the South Slope entrance, offering a smoother experience.
Best time to visit
- Visit early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid crowds.
- Best lighting for photos: Late afternoon, when the sun casts golden hues on the ruins.
Duration & route
- Suggested time: 45 minutes to 1 hour.
- Start at the Dionysus Theater, then move to the Stoa of Eumenes, the Asklepieion, and finish at the Theater of Herodes Atticus.
Facilities & restrictions
- Seating areas available near the theaters.
- Photography allowed, but no flash inside restricted areas.
- Some uneven terrain—wear comfortable shoes!
Frequently asked questions
The South Slope was a cultural and religious hub where theaters, sanctuaries, and stoas were built to serve Athenian public life. It played a crucial role in the development of Western drama and philosophy.
Most visitors spend 45 minutes to 1 hour, but history and theater lovers may want to explore longer.
Yes! Many Acropolis guided tours include the South Slope as part of their itinerary.
Some areas are uneven, but certain paths are accessible. Check with tour operators for detailed accessibility options.
No, access is included in the general Acropolis ticket.
